Materials and cycle Earth
A) 🧪 Structure of an atom
![Schéma d'un atome avec électrons, neutrons et protons]
- Electron
- Neutron
- Proton
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is a nucleus, which contains even smaller particles called protons and neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons, which move rapidly in specific regions called energy shells or levels.
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Protons:
- Have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus
- They have a relative mass of 1 atomic mass unit
- They play a crucial role in determining the identity of an atom as they determine the element.
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Neutrons:
- Have no charge and are also located in the nucleus.
- They have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit.
- They help stabilize the nucleus by balancing the positive charge of protons.
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Electron:
- Negative charge, located in energy shells
- Very small mass
- Involved in chemical reactions and determine the atom's reactivity and bonding behavior
B) 🌟 Purity
Purity refers to how free a substance is from impurities. A pure substance consists of only one type of molecule or atom, without any other substances mixed in.
Purity is a measure of how much of a substance is made up of the desired component compared to impurities.
C) 📐 Formula
Percentage Purity = (Mass of desired component / Total mass of substance) × 100
D) 🌦 Weather VS Climate
| Weather | Climate |
|---|---|
| Refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere. It can change min-min, hour-hour and day-day. | Describes the average weather conditions in a specific area over a long period of time (30 yrs or more). |
E) 🌍 Atmosphere
This invisible blanket of gases plays a crucial role in shaping our climate and sustaining life on our planet.
F) 🌌 Layers of the earth's Atmosphere
- Exosphere (with a spaceship drawing)
- Thermosphere (with a drawing of mountains and fire)
- Mesosphere (with a rocket drawing)
- Stratosphere (with hot air balloons drawing)
- Troposphere (with mountains, clouds, and an airplane drawing)
SCIENCE
Diffusion in gases and liquids
Diffusion in gases and liquids is a basic physical event whereby molecules move down gradients of concentration, temperature, or pressure.
Oxygen diffusion
Oxygen diffuses across the walls of alveoli into the capillaries, where it binds with RBCs.
Carbon dioxide diffusion
The carbon dioxide passes through the alveolar walls diffusing into the air and is expelled when we breathe.